• Introduction Epinephrine is an endocrine hormone mainly prod

  2023-07-25

  

  Introduction Epinephrine is an endocrine hormone mainly produced by adrenal medulla in response to stress (Tank and Lee Wong, 2015). This catecholamine exerts various major physiological effects, concerning notably the cardiovascular system, the respiratory system and the endocrine system, through

• Blockers will reduce perioperative myocardial ischemia and

  2023-07-25

  

  β-Blockers will reduce perioperative myocardial ischemia and studies published in the 1990s suggested that their routine administration before surgery provided protection against perioperative CV complications.31., 32., 33. Based on these early studies, several national organizations endorsed the pe

• Moreover an increase of extracellular calcium stimulates BMP

  2023-07-25

  

  Moreover, an increase of extracellular calcium stimulates BMP-2 expression of pulp Zebularine via L-type calcium channel and ERK signaling, which can be attenuated by PD98059 and nifedipine . Dental pulp cells expressed little calcium-sensing receptors . immunohistochemistry staining also shows th

• Adenosine A A agonists have been shown to significantly redu

  2023-07-25

  

  Adenosine A2A agonists have been shown to significantly reduce albuminuria in diabetic mice as well as plasma creatinine [24]. Proteinuria was greater in diabetic A2A knock-out (KO) mice than diabetic wild type (WT) mice [24]. Consistent with these findings, our laboratory initially found that prote

• For comprehensive understanding of actin myosin XI as a

  2023-07-25

  

  For comprehensive understanding of actin-myosin XI as a control network, it will be necessary to determine the functions of all the myosin XI and GSK2269557 isoforms. However, it is difficult to reveal the function of individual myosin XI isoforms because most myosin XI single knockouts exhibited no

• Very recently Niessen et al have described the resensitizing

  2023-07-25

  

  Very recently, Niessen et al. have described the resensitizing effect of MB327 on nAChR performing solid-supported membrane (SSM)-based electrophysiological experiments (Niessen et al., 2016) using plasma membrane preparations obtained from Torpedo californica. These findings validated and underline

• br In patients with spina bifida and spinal cord injury

  2023-07-25

  

  In patients with spina bifida and spinal cord injury, fecal incontinence is a serious issue that can impair activities of daily living and patient self-esteem. To address this Malone et al. first described the Antegrade Continence Enema (ACE) procedure in 1990 [1], which achieves continence by all

• br Improvement of endothelial function The vascular

  2023-07-25

  

  Improvement of endothelial function The vascular endothelium is a single layer of Heparin that lines the inner surface of all blood vessels and the heart. In addition to function as a selective barrier to prevent the diffusion of macromolecules from the blood lumen to the intestinal space, the v

• Because of its role in tumor growth proliferation and

  2023-07-24

  

  Because of its role in tumor growth, proliferation and metastasis, Axl is considered a therapeutic target. Several Axl inhibitors, including low-molecular-weight agents and antibodies, have been reported. Axl inhibition, using low-molecular-weight inhibitors or shRNA knockdown, resulted in reduced t

• br Methods br Results br Discussion Autotaxin has been

  2023-07-24

  

  Methods Results Discussion Autotaxin has been shown to have effects on major cell types implicated in OA, notably chondrocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and synoviocytes, through its enzymatic product LPA [20]. However, a paucity of research exists on the involvement of autotaxin in OA. Fi

• br Author contributions br Competing interests

  2023-07-24

  

  Author contributions Competing interests Transparency document Acknowledgments This research was funded by a TOP ZonMW grant (40-00812-98-10054) to R.O.E., a DFG grant (KR4391/1-1) and IZKF Erlangen grant (J36) to A.K. and supported in part by Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de

• Interestingly this situation might be changed by the immunol

  2023-07-24

  

  Interestingly, this situation might be changed by the immunological context, in particular by the cytokines encountered during differentiation or activation. LPS-activation of bone marrow-derived DCs differentiated in GM-CSF decreases autophagy, CP2, and subsequent activation of CD4+ T cells (Fig. 2

• br Introduction In addition to ATP

  2023-07-24

  

  Introduction In addition to ATP production, an important role of mitochondria in the pancreatic beta cell is anaplerosis, which is the net synthesis of citric mass of cl cycle intermediates that are exported to the cytosol where they are converted to numerous other metabolites that stimulate and/

• serine protease inhibitors br Dysregulated aromatase express

  2023-07-24

  

  Dysregulated aromatase expression: the link between obesity and breast cancer Obesity has been associated with abnormally high expression of the enzyme aromatase in the breast, influencing the local production and bioavailability of estrogens (Morris et al, 2011, Subbaramaiah et al, 2012). Bowers

• br Materials and methods br Results

  2023-07-24

  

  Materials and methods Results RT-PCR showed that both arginase 1 and 2 were expressed in the OB of Korean roe deer (Fig. 1). Immunoblotting detected arginase 1 in the OB of roe deer (Fig. 2A, left lane) at a molecular weight of approximately 37kDa, which is the size of the enzyme in the rat O

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